JACC: Heart Failure
Clinical Research
Phrenic Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Central Sleep Apnea
William T. Abraham, Dariusz Jagielski, Olaf Oldenburg, Ralph Augostini, Steven Krueger, Adam Kolodziej, Klaus-Jürgen Gutleben, Rami Khayat, Andrew Merliss, Manya R. Harsch, Richard G. Holcomb, Shahrokh Javaheri, Piotr Ponikowski and on behalf of the remedē Pilot Study Investigators
Table 1
Table 1
Baseline Patient Demographics (n = 47)
| Age, yrs | 65.9 ± 9.6 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.3 ± 4.4 |
| Men | 89% |
| Atrial fibrillation | 30% |
| AHI, episodes/h of sleep | 50 ± 15 |
| CAI, episodes/h of sleep | 28 ± 14 |
| OAI, episodes/h of sleep | 3 ± 3 |
| History of hypertension | 74% |
| CSA etiology | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2% |
| Opiate use | 4% |
| Idiopathic | 2% |
| Other cardiac | 13% |
| Heart failure | 79% |
| New York Heart Association functional class | |
| I | 9% |
| II | 47% |
| III | 21% |
| IV | 2% |
| Heart failure with ejection fraction >40% | 9% |
| Coronary artery disease | 66% |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 123 ± 21 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 73 ± 11 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.2 ± 0.4 |
| Ejection fraction | 30.5 ± 11.6 |
| Concomitant cardiac device | 53% |
| Cardiac resynchronization + defibrillation device | 19% |
| Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator | 28% |
| Pacemaker | 6% |
| Medications in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (n = 31) | |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 48% |
| Beta-blocker | 100% |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 100% |
Values are mean ± SD or %.
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; AHI = apnea-hypopnea index; ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker; CAI = central apnea index; CSA = central sleep apnea; OAI = obstructive apnea index.
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